The Animated Atlas of Spasticity is a comprehensive collection of videos pertaining to the central nervous system pathways, types, symptoms, pathophysiology, including lesions including neuronal functional changes, diagnosis, therapeutic and pharmacological approaches, and rehabilitation of spasticity.
Table of contents
1. Spasticity: Types, symptoms and CNS pathways
1. The central nervous system
2. Spasticity - Introduction and causes
3. Spasticity - flexor and extensor type
4. Signs and symptoms of spasticity
5. Spinal cord mediated & cortical-mediated spasticity
6. Pyramidal pathway
7. Extrapyramidal pathway
8. Reticulospinal pathway in spasticity
9. Upper motor neuron syndrome
10. Hypertonicity of muscles
11. Presynaptic inhibition
12. Post-activation or homosynaptic depression
13. Descending pathway
14. The lateral vestibulospinal tract
15. Spasticity of upper limbs
16. Spasticity of lower limbs
17. The stretch reflex
2. Spasticity: Biological factors, associated disorders and diagnosis
1. GABA and spastic diplegiaGABA and spastic
2. Role of potassium-chloride cotransporter in spasticity
3. Pain in spasticity
4. Spasticity and muscle spasm
5. Spasticity and bladder functions
6. Spasticity in multiple sclerosis
7. Spasticity patterns exhibited in cerebral palsy
8. Spasticity and stroke
9. Spasticity in infants
10. Deep tendon reflexes
11. Nerve conduction study
12. Evaluating spasticity
13. Electromyograph
14. Diagnostic scales for spasticity
3. Spasticity: Treatment and rehabilitation
1. Therapeutic approaches - physiotherapy, cryotherapy, heat therapy etc
2. Positioning methods to treat spasticity
3. Benzodiazepines
4. Dantrolene sodium
5. Tizanidine
6. Baclofen - oral & intrathecal
7. Botulinum toxin for spasticity
8. Tolperisone treatment for spasticity
9. Orthopaedic interventions - Tenotomy
10. Orthopaedic interventions - Osteotomy
11. Selective dorsal rhizotomy
12. Myelotomy in the management of spasticity
13. Cordectomy
14. Spinal cord stimulators
15. Rehabilitation for spasticity
16. Transcranial magnetic stimulation
17. Nerve blocks
18. Biofeedback in treating spasticity
19. Spinal cord stimulators