2. Diagnosis & Treatment

1. Causes and risk factors for COPD
2. Staging and classification of COPD
3. Chronic obstructive bronchitis
4. Pulmonary vascular structure and function in COPD
5. Epithelial cells in COPD
6. Vagal tone and muscarinic receptors in COPD
7. Protease/antiprotease imbalance and COPD
8. Oxidant/antioxidant imbalance and COPD
9. Immune response in COPD
10. Lysosome activity in alveolar macrophages
11. Exacerbation of COPD
12. Complications of COPD

← COPD

1. Causes and risk factors for COPD