2. Causes and Diagnosis

1. Lung cancer and IGF (insulin like growth factor)
2. Elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer
3. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and angiogenesis
4. TGF-β as tumor suppressor gene and oncogene
5. Over-expression of EGF (epidermal growth factor) and angiogenesis
6. JAK/STAT (janus-activated kinases/signal transducers and activators of transcription) pathway and lung cancer
7. Retinoids and EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor)
8. Detection of EGFR mutation in lung cancer
9. Superior sulcus tumors and Horner’s syndrome
10. VEGF and angiogenesis in lung cancer
11. Tobacco smoke carcinogens and lung cancer
12. COX-2 and lung cancer
13. Invasion and metastasis due to up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases
14. Akt activation in lung cancer
15. Retinoic acid receptor-β (RAR-β) and lung cancer
16. Role of cytokines in lung cancer
17. Ln5 genes in lung cancer
18. Fine needle aspiration of supraclavicular node or metastatic site
19. Transbronchial needle aspiration (TNBA) of mediastinal lymph node
20. Thoracoscopic biopsy
21. Carcinogen derived biomarkers and lung cancer

← Lung cancer

1. Lung cancer and IGF (insulin like growth factor)