Thorax commonly known as chest is the upper part of the trunk. This volume begins with the surface landmarks and dermatomes of the thorax followed by the thoracic cage, its contents and its clinical points.
1. Surface landmarks and dermatomes
1. Introduction
2. Thorax - Surface landmarks and dermatomes
3. Auscultation of the lungs
4. Cardiac auscultation
5. Clinical importance of the sternal angle
6. Herpes zoster
7. Palpation of the chest
2. Thoracic cage
1. Introduction
2. Thoracic cage
3. Access to pericardial cavity
4. Access to pleural cavity
5. Access to the heart for open heart surgery
6. Counting of the ribs
7. Diaphragmatic hernias
8. Injuries to the thoracic cage - rib fractures and tear of visceral organs
9. Kyphosis, scoliolis, and kyphoscoliosis
10. Respiratory movements of the thoracic cage
11. Sternum - bone marrow aspiration
12. Supernumerary ribs
13. Use of ribs in plastic surgery
14. Vascular pedicle
3. Female breast
1. Introduction
2. Female breast
3. CA breast peau D orange
4. Congenital anomalies
5. Gynaecomastia
6. Infections of the breast
7. Inverted nipple
8. Lymphatics of the breast
9. Male breast
10. Mammogram
11. Normal breast, breast during pregnancy, lactating breast
12. Reconstructive surgery of the breast breast implants
13. Surface anatomy and palpation of breast - importance of periodic self examination for detection of breast lumps
14. Surgical incisions of the breast
4. General disposition of the viscera within the thoracic cage
1. Introduction
2. General disposition of the viscera with in the thoracic cage
5. Superior mediastinium - Boundaries and contents
1. Introduction
2. Superior Mediastinum
3. Anomalies of SVC
4. Aortic knuckle
5. Imaging of the superior mediastinum
6. Mediastinal masses - retrosternal goitre, mediastinal syndrome
7. Patent ductus arteriorus
8. Surgical approach to the superior mediastinum
9. Thymus pathologies
6. Posterior mediastinium - Boundaries and contents
1. Introduction
2. Posterior Media stinum - Right lateral view with lung removed on right side
3. Mediastinum - Left lateral view, with lung removed on left side
4. Aortic pathologies (dissecting aneurysms)
5. Constrictions of the esophagus
6. Esophageal carcinoma
7. Imaging of posterior mediastinum - normal plain X-ray, CT, MRI
8. Mediastinitis
9. Surgical approach to the posterior mediastinum
10. Thoracic duct lacerations - chylo thorax