This section begins with a discussion on surface landmarks and dermatomes followed by superficial and deep muscles of the back. The articulated vertebral column as well as individual vertebra are covered in detail. This is followed by a discussion on meningeal coverings. The spinal cord itself is covered in terms of external anatomy as well as internal architecture. The section ends with coverage on spinal nerves.
1. Back - Surface features and dermatomes
1. Introduction
2. Surface landmarks and dermatomes of the back
3. Lumbar puncture
4. Sacral epidural anesthesis
5. Spinal cord and spinal nerve lesions
6. Surface marking of the viscera
2. Vertebral column - Overview of bones and joints
1. Introduction
2. The vertebral column
3. Disc herniation
4. Fracture and or dislocation of the vertebrae
5. Kyphosis, lardosis, scoliosis
6. Lumbar puncture
7. Movements and rotation of the vertebral column
8. Spina bifida
9. Spondylolisthesis
10. Supernumerary vertebrae
3. Regional vertebra - Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal
1. Introduction
2. Regional vertebra - Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal
3. Caudal epidural anesthesia
4. Fractures of the vertebral column
5. Hyperextension injuries
6. Laminectomy
7. Spondylosis
8. Tapping of cerebrospinal fluid
4. Meninges - Spinal
1. Introduction
2. Spinal meninges
3. Lumbar puncture
4. Meningocele
5. Meningomyelocele
6. Spina bifida
6. Syringomyelocele
5. Spinal cord - Exterior
1. Introduction
2. Blood supply of the spinal cord
3. Spinal cord - Exterior
4. Injury to the spinal cord
5. Ischemia of the cord
6. Lumbar puncture
7. Myelocele
6. Spinal cord - Internal features
1. Introduction
2. Interior of Spinal cord
3. Brown-Sequard syndrome
4. Cordotomy
5. Lower motor neuron lesions
6. Syringomyelia
7. Upper motor neuron lesions
7. Spinal nerves
1. Introduction
2. Spinal nerves
3. Axonotemesis
4. Herpes zoster
5. Lumbar puncture
6. Nerve root compression
7. Neuropraxia
6. Neurotmesis
7. Rhizotomy
8. Back - Superficial muscles, deep muscles, and blood supp
1. Introduction
2. Fourth ventricle
3. Lateral ventricle
4. Third ventricle
5. Anencephaly
6. Cisternal puncture
7. CSF leakage
8. Hydrocephalus
9. Puncture of the lateral ventricle